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January 22, 2023 (Updated October 22, 2023)

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Computer graphics

Table Of Contents

Mentioned In

Visual Steering
A kind of Data Visualization Also called “Computational steering” Letting the …
Passive Visualizations
A kind of Data Visualization Generating a non interactible visualization.
Visualization Pipeline
used for Data Visualization Data Acquisition Filtering / Enhancement Data format …
Data Visualization
The purpose of visualizaion is insight, not pictures. A picture is worth a thousand wrods, …
Interactive Visualizations
A kind of Data Visualization Split: preparing the data letting the user interact with the …
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Also abbreviated as CFD. Used for: Water around ship Air around car / airplane …
Data Characteristics
Dependent and independent variables # Independent Variables (Domain of the problem): time …
Hadamard Gate
where Properties # Self inverse The Hadamard gate transforms the and basis states into …
Bloch Sphere
Variance
The varianve of a Random Variable is a measure how concentrated the distribution of is …
Sigmoid Function
Often used as Activation Functions for neurons in a neural network. They play the non …
Tensor
A tensor is a higher dimensional matrix. The “depth” layers are called …
Random Variable
A random variable is a function defined on the Probability Space . Random Variables are …
Probability Space
The setup of a random experiment. It can be defined as the tuple Where: : The set of all …
Powerset
The powerset of a set is the set that contains all possible subsets of . It therefore also …
Normal Distribution
Also called Gaussian Distribution. is the mean or expectation is the standard deviation …
Norm
Defines the measure of the length of a vector Definition # A norm is a non-negative …
Mollweide Pojection
The projection trades accuracy of angle and shape for accuracy of proportions in area, and …
Linear System Of Equations
Example # Solving # We are looking for a vector that solves all of the eqations. The same …
Jacobian Matrix
A matrix that can be computed for functions . Such a function would take the form of: …
Generating Icospheres
Without any subdivisions the Icosahedron has 12 vertices and 20 faces, in general though …
Infimum und Supremum
Das Infimum und das Supremum geben unterere bzw obere Schranken für einen Wertebereich an. …
Expected Value
The “weighted average” of the values that a Random Variable can take on. It …
Visibility Function
Has value when no geometry is visible from position in direction and otherwise.
Visibility Order
The order of the objects, from closest to the camera, to furthest away. Important for …
Voxel Grid
A volume based 3D Represenation . Similar to how “Pixels” are “picture …
Distance field representation for 3d reconstruction
Used in 3d scanning or reconstruction Positive values are infront of surfaces Negative …
Transparency
Is about rendering objects that are not fully opaque. Problems rendering transparent …
Triangle List (Mesh representation)
Also called “Face-Set” representation Used in stl files 3 x 3D-Positions per …
Truncated Signed Distance Function (TSDF)
Uniform Spacial Subdivision
(Uniform Grid) Determine which regions are hit by the ray, and test all objects in the hit …
Specular BRDF
see BRDF
Snell's Law
Law of refraction # with being the index of refraction
Spacial Hierarchy
As opposed to the Uniform Spacial Subdivision , it can adjust to geometry density. …
Spacial Subdivision
Idea # Partition space into disjoint subregions. Each region stores a list of objects / …
Signed Distance Functions
Are a description of a Implicit Surface . Each point’s value is equal to the …
Screen Space Ambient Occlusion
Introduced by (Shanmugam and Arikan 2007) Idea # Generate 3d sample points inside some …
Shape Search
We want to be able to search for shapes (for example in a database) using it’s …
Schlick Approximation
Used to approximate the Fresnel Reflectance. where: you can look up on a material database …
Rendering Equation
Origin # @inproceedings{kajiya1986rendering, title={The rendering equation}, …
Reflectance Distribution Function
BRDF # “Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function” Function with 3 …
Raytracing
Raytracing is a global illumination method , meaning Objects cast shadows and lit diffuse …
Radiosity
@article{goral1984modeling, title={Modeling the interaction of light between diffuse …
Rasterizer
Part of the Graphics Pipeline . Input Vertex positions in screen space and all exported …
Projection between 3D and 2D
Camera intrinsic matrix Projection
Polygon Meshes
A graph bases 3D Represenation . Nodes of the graph are called vertices which are …
Poisson Surface Reconstruction
If you have a point cloud, where each point has a normal, then poisson surface …
Point Cloud
A 3D Represenation . Stores a set of 3D points, potentially carrying other attributes, …
Physically Based Rendering
Attempt to model light transfer using phsically based models like BRDFs . Microfacet …
Photon Mapping
Paper # @article{jensen1995photon, title={Photon maps in bidirectional Monte Carlo ray …
Phong Lighting
From paper: Illumination for computer generated pictures Phong is a local illumination …
Per-Pixel Linked Lists
A way to implement Transparency on a Graphics Pipeline . Overview # Don’t render …
Parametric Curves and Surfaces
Beziér Curves are also parametric curves and can be also extended to surfaces. Parametric …
Path Tracing
Like Raytracing but never spawn secondary rays, just have one ray that bounces around by …
Object Space Ambient Occlusion
Idea # Computed per vertex: Compute of the adjacent triangle areas construct a normal …
Octree
Characteristics # splits are axis aligned splits are in the middle splits happen in all …
Normal Mapping
Idea # Store surface normal vectors in a RGB texture. Normals can be stored in two …
Local vs Global Illumination
Local: # only consider direct illumination by point lights independent from other objects …
Light Physics
Effects # Area Foreshortening Caustics Fresnel Effect Snell’s Law Ray Optics # Treat …
Laplacian mesh operator
Gradient direction of steepest increase of at Divergence - Density of outward flux of …
Lambertian BRDF
see BRDF Probabilities are equal in all directions, so it is a constant. To preserve …
KD-Tree
Characteristics # splits don’t always happen in the middle splits are axis aligned …
Iterative Closest Points
Method that can be used for alinging shapes iteratively. it works like this: estimate some …
Indexed Face Set (Mesh Representation)
Used in obj, off, wrl files Classical setup with index buffer + vertex buffer 12 bytes per …
Implicit Surfaces
Describes the surface implicitly, wherever the function is is the surface. outside surface …
Illumination Map
Idea # Precompute the reflection distribution corresponding to the displaced surface, and …
Horizon Basesd Ambient Occlusion
Introduced by Image-Space Horizon-Based Ambient Occlusion Calculate the angle between the …
Hausdorff Distance
Maximum of all minimum distances between two sets of points.
Fresnel Effect
When looking onto objects with a small angle towards the surface, more light is reflected …
Graphics Pipeline
The stages of the graphics pipeline are IA ::Input Assembler Stage VS ::Vertex Shader …
Gromov-Hausdorff distance
Infimum of all Hausdorff Distances over mappings or correspondences.
Finding matching Features on Shapes
When do two points on different shapes/scans represent the same feature? Check if …
Finding Correspondences between Shapes
How do we find corresponding points? Well if we already had the transformation to align …
Eulers Formula (mesh topology)
For every polyhedron (without topological holes) consisting of the vertices the edges and …
Depth Peeling
A way to implement Front to Back Alpha Blending using a Graphics Pipeline . How it works # …
Determine Similarity between Shapes
Do two 3D models represent the same or similar shapes? Represent each model by a shape …
Deferred Lighting
Motivation # Many fragments are overwritten by the Rasterizer because a closer fragment …
Depth Complexity
The maximum number of fragments falling that could be falling into any pixel. Determining …
Caustics
Many light paths meet at the same point, making it brighter. Caustics are hard to simulate …
Coons Patch
4 Spatial curves that meet in 4 corners Surface is the interpolation of the curves Can be …
Bounding Volume
A volume, contained by a usually simple geometry, like a box. For any complex object or …
BSP-Tree
“Binary Space Partitioning” Paper # @inproceedings{fuchs1980visible, title={On …
Bump Mapping
Introduced by James F. Blinn (1978). Idea # Mapping a grayscale image over a surface, …
Area Foreshortening
Area of something appears smaller when viewed from some angle. Also if light is shining at …
Ambient Occlusion
The measure of how much a surface point is occluded by the environment. Analytically: …
Alpha Blending
A way to rende Transparent objects Objects must be rendered in Visibility Order Not all …
3d Shape Alignment
Input # 2 shapes and with partial overlap General problem # find a rigid transform …
Albedo
Albedo is the proportion of incident light that is reflected away from a surface …
3D Representations
Voxel Grid Point Cloud Polygon Meshes Parametric Curves and Surfaces Implicit Surfaces
VoxNet
Object classification working on a Voxel Grid Input actually only a occupancy grid …
Unsupervised Learning
A category in Machine Learning Works on a dataset that has no Labels Find properties of …
Virtual Multi-view Fusion for 3D Semantic Segmentation
@inproceedings{kundu2020virtual, title={Virtual multi-view fusion for 3d semantic …
StructureNet
Bibtex # @article{mo2019structurenet, title={Structurenet: Hierarchical graph networks for …
Supervised Learning
A category in Machine Learning Working with a dataset that is Labeled Trying to find …
TextureNet
@inproceedings{huang2019texturenet, title={Texturenet: Consistent local parametrizations …
UNet
One of the first works that makes use of Skip Connections . @misc{ronneberger2015unet, …
Skip Connections
In a encoder-decoder structure (Convolutional Neural Network ) it can be helpful to …
Sparse Generative Neural Networks
@inproceedings{dai2020sg, title={Sg-nn: Sparse generative neural networks for …
ScanComplete: Large-Scale Scene Completion and Semantic Segmentation for 3D Scans
@inproceedings{dai2018scancomplete, title={Scancomplete: Large-scale scene completion and …
ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenes
@inproceedings{dai2017scannet, title={ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3d reconstructions of …
Semantic Scene Segmentation
ScanNet (indoors) Benchmark to compare segmentation approaches KITTI (outdoors) Benchmark …
ShapeNet
@article{chang2015shapenet, title={Shapenet: An information-rich 3d model repository}, …
Regularization
One way to prevent Overfitting is to prevent the Backpropagation from selecting weigths …
Residual Neural Network
Also called “ResNet” Typical ResNet models are implemented with double- or …
Scan2Mesh
@inproceedings{dai2019scan2mesh, title={Scan2mesh: From unstructured range scans to 3d …
Regression vs Classification
Regression predict a continuous output value Classification predict a discrete value (like …
Probability Measures
For both discrete and continuous Random Variables there are some measures to express the …
Recurrent Neural Network
Update estimate with every observation
Probability Mass Function
Defined as: The probability that a Random Variable takes an exact value . This only work …
Probability Density Function
Only works for continuous Random Variables Defined as the derivative of the Cumulative …
Point Set Generation Network
@inproceedings{fan2017point, title={A point set generation network for 3d object …
PointNetPP
@article{qi2017pointnetpp, title={Pointnet++: Deep hierarchical feature learning on point …
PointNet
3D Shape Classification 3D Shape Segmentation Semantic Segmentation Works on Point Cloud …
Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB Images
@inproceedings{wang2018pixel2mesh, title={Pixel2mesh: Generating 3d mesh models from …
Deep Sketch-Based Modeling of Man-Made Shapes
@article{smirnov2019deep, author = {Dmitriy Smirnov and Mikhail Bessmeltsev and Justin …
Overfitting
Overfitting happens, when a model is complex enough that it can memorize all the inputs …
Occupancy Networks
@inproceedings{mescheder2019occupancy, title={Occupancy networks: Learning 3d …
OccuSeg: Occupancy-aware 3D Instance Segmentation
@inproceedings{han2020occuseg, title={Occuseg: Occupancy-aware 3d instance segmentation}, …
OctNet
@inproceedings{riegler2017octnet, title={Octnet: Learning deep 3d representations at high …
Octree Generating Networks
@inproceedings{tatarchenko2017octree, title={Octree generating networks: Efficient …
Neural Network
Basically a cascading of multiple Logistic Regressions . It is non linear score function. …
Nearest Neighbor Classifier
used in Computer Vision Have labeled “training” data (Supervised Learning ) …
Model Parameter
Not to be confused with Hyperparameters The result of the learning process Usually …
Multi Layer Perceptron
Classical layered Neural Network Used in Supervised Learning Fully connected layers (so …
Multi-view Convolutional Neural Networks for 3D Shape Recognition
@inproceedings{su2015multi, title={Multi-view convolutional neural networks for 3d shape …
Mesh R-CNN
@inproceedings{gkioxari2019mesh, title={Mesh r-cnn}, author={Gkioxari, Georgia and Malik, …
MeshCNN: a network with an edge
@article{hanocka2019meshcnn, title={Meshcnn: a network with an edge}, author={Hanocka, …
Maximum Likelihood Estimate
or “MLE” for short Data distributions: is just the training samples Real world …
Machine Learning for 3D Geometry
Lecture 0 Intro Lecture 1 3d representations Voxel Grid , Point Cloud , Polygon Meshes , …
Mask2CAD: 3D Shape Prediction by Learning to Segment and Retrieve
@inproceedings{kuo2020mask2cad, title={Mask2cad: 3d shape prediction by learning to …
Machine Learning
Machine learning is prerequisite for Deep Learning It is split into Supervised Learning …
Loss Function
used in Machine Learning Also known as Energy Function Used to evaluate a model based on …
Logistic Regression
The way to use a linear model to do binary classification. Use a Sigmiod Function Use the …
Linear Regression
Is a linear model used in Machine Learning belongs to Supervised Learning . Sometimes also …
Linear Prediction
Using a trained Linear Regression model With given Model Parameter is the prediction is …
Learning accross different 3D representations
High res voxel grids are impractical in terms of memory or compute OctNet Use Octree as …
KPConv: Flexible and Deformable Convolution for Point Clouds
@inproceedings{thomas2019kpconv, title={Kpconv: Flexible and deformable convolution for …
Label
An additional value that can be attached to a data point / feature vector Can be used to …
Joint Embedding of 3d Scan and CAD Objects
@inproceedings{dahnert2019joint, title={Joint embedding of 3d scan and cad objects}, …
Joint Embeddings of Shapes and Images via CNN Image Purification
@article{li2015joint, title={Joint embeddings of shapes and images via cnn image …
Image Classification
One of the most popular tasks in Computer Vision Goal: assigning labels to images Started …
Hyperparameter
In general # A parameter to they way a algorithm works rather than a parameter to the …
Graph Neural Network
Evey node of the graph has some kind of message attached to it Messages can be passed to …
Gradient Descent (for Neural Networks)
Goal # minimize w.r.t. where: is the Loss Function are the ground truth Labels is the …
Generating Shapes
Modeling by Example # User in the loop Idea: From an initial model: Select a part of the …
Geodesic CNN
@inproceedings{masci2015geodesic, title={Geodesic convolutional neural networks on …
Deep Learning
part of Machine Learning History # Idea: Learning the feature descriptors from data, …
DeepSDF
DeepSDF is an auto-decoder based approach that learns a continuous SDF representation for …
End to End Training
Applies when two or more Neural Networks should be used in conjunction: Example: Net1: …
Cumulative Distribution Function
Denoted as: Expresses the probability for a Random Variable to be under a certain value. …
Database-assisted object retrieval for real-time 3d reconstruction
@inproceedings{li2015database, title={Database-assisted object retrieval for real-time 3d …
Convolutional Neural Network
Neural Network s that use convolutions. The output of a convolutional layer is computed by …
Cross Validation
Method for finding Hyperparameters Use the same dataset (except test data of course) to …
Conditional Random Fields (for labeling)
Doesn’t use Neural Networks but is a Supervised Learning method. Probabilistic …
Computational Graph
The way computation can be modelled in a Neural Network . Directional graph Matrix …
Computer Vision
CV History # Hubel and Wiesel Experiment # Give visual stimulus to to cat, observe the …
Chamfer Distance
Distance between two point clouds For each point in find closest point in and add …
Backpropagation
Goal # Update the Model Parameter of a Neural Network based on the result of a Loss …
BAE-NET
@inproceedings{chen2019bae, title={BAE-NET: branched autoencoder for shape …
AdaCoSeg
@inproceedings{zhu2020adacoseg, title={Adacoseg: Adaptive shape co-segmentation with group …
Autoencoder
A Convolutional Neural Network consisting of encoder and decoder. It tries to output the …
Activation Function
The non linear functions used in Neural Networks . The activation function computes the …
Active Part Segmentation
Annotations for large datasets is expensive Human “corrects”/varifies the …
3D Shape Segmentation
Overview # Goal: Assign label to every Point / Face of the 3d shape. PointNet can also be …
3D-EPN for shape completion
Bibtex # @inproceedings{dai2017shape, title={Shape completion using 3d-encoder-predictor …
3D-R2N2: 3D Recurrent Reconstruction
@inproceedings{choy20163d, title={3d-r2n2: A unified approach for single and multi-view 3d …
3D CNNs for Part Segmentation
3DCNN
@inproceedings{qi2016volumetric, title={Volumetric and multi-view cnns for object …
3DMV: Joint 3D-Multi-View Prediction for 3D Semantic Scene Segmentation
@inproceedings{dai20183dmv, title={3dmv: Joint 3d-multi-view prediction for 3d semantic …
Virtual Memory
OS is tasked to: select memory for code and data and load the program Manage and optimize …
Volatile Memory
Static RAM (SRAM) # Based on Flip Flops Fast but expensive -> used for caches Dynamic …
Von Neumann Architecture
By John von Neumann first drafted 1945 Computer consists of 4 parts: Memory (Programs and …
Speedup
With Execution Time on processors, the parallel speedup is defined as: Range of the …
Superscalar Processor
All Pipelining stages can work on more than one instrcution at the same time. Can have …
Tomasulo Algorithm
Way to implement Out-Of-Order Execution . But not speculative execution. Proposed by R. …
Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB)
Part of memory management unit (MMU) of the CPU. The TLB stores recent translations of …
Unified Issue Queue
A way to implement Out-Of-Order Execution . A bit similar to Tomasulo Algorithm but only …
Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) processing
Implemented in Explicit Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) Motivation # In Superscalar …
Virtualization
Have a Hypervisor which simulates the execution of another operating system. Levels of …
Solid State Disc (SSD)
Uses flash storage lower energy consumption than HDD lower latency higher cost Can be …
Scalability
Strong vs Weak scalability: Strong Scalability # Increase for same problem Bound by …
SIMD
“Singe Instruction Multiple Data” Execute the same operation on set of data …
Reliability and Availability
Availability Percentage of the planned operation time, in which the system is available …
Renaming / Allocation stage
Part of the Extended Instruction Pipeline . Allocation of entries in the issue queue, …
Reorder Buffer (ROB)
Method to do Register Renaming . Have register file same size as logical register file. …
Return Address Stack
Also RAS. Used in Instruction Fetch . (limited) Stack that records function return …
Merged Register File (MRF)
A method of Register Renaming . When writing to an logical register: select free physical …
Pipeline Hazards
Situations that prevent the next instruction to be processed in the next pipeline stage …
Prefetching
A Cache Optimization . Hardware prefetching # predict of addresses that will be needed and …
Processor Classes
General purpose processors # Used in desktops, laptops, servers Execution of any program …
Recovery from Branch Misprediction
Branch Prediction can predict wrong. In that case all work done on the wrong branch has to …
Reduce cache miss rate
A Cache Optimization . Techniques: Larger cache lines longer transfer more conflict misses …
Reducing cache hit time
A Cache Optimization . Most important for 1st level cache Techniques: Small cache no or …
Reducing cache miss penalty
A Cache Optimization . Techniques: Multilevel caches (Memory Hierarchy ) Critical word …
Register Allocation (in compilers)
Compiler has to decide which (limited) logical registers the generated instructions have …
Register Renaming
Done in the Extended Instruction Pipeline . Mapping of physical registers to logical …
Memory Controller
Recieves a physical address Accesses the memory Integrated into the CPU chip Bound to a …
Memory Disambiguation
Like Data Dependences but for main memory. The order of loads and stores has to be …
Memory Hierarchy
Memory Management Unit (MMU)
Used to translate Virtual Memory to pysical memory Makes use of Translation Lookaside …
Non-Volatile Memory
Memory that retains its storage. Read Only Memory (ROM) # Contents inserted during …
NVMe
Protocol used to access SSDs oder PCIe. Each core can open queues to submit data or …
Parallel Architectures
SIMD Single instruction multiple data MIMD Multiple instructions multiple data …
Parallelism
Concurrent Tasks independent tasks Parallel Tasks tasks that run at the same time …
Instruction Set Architecture
“Interface from the programmer to the processor” Processors are binary …
Intel Knights Landing (KNL)
Many integrated cores (MIC) architecture high thread prallelism high data parallelism high …
Issue Stage
Part of the Extended Instruction Pipeline . In-order issue Instructions are issued in the …
Loop Stream Detector
Figure 1: https://www.anandtech.com/show/2594/4 For loops which instructions fit in …
Instruction Cache
or ICache. Kind of CPU Cache usually only in level 1, with little different requirements. …
Instruction Decode Stage
Part of Instruction Pipelining . RISC decoding # Fixed instruction length makes …
Instruction Fetch
Also IF for short. State in the Instruction Pipeline . Figure 1: Detailed schematic of the …
Instruction Pipelining
Instuction Cycle # IF Instruction Fetch Fetch instruction form memory (or i-cache) into …
Gustafson's Law
If you normalize with non-parallelisable part then In that sense becomes the total work …
Increase cache bandwidth
A Cache Optimization . Techniques: Pipelining of cache accesses, as with serial tag-array …
Efficiency
Given Speedup on processors, the efficiency is defined as: Range of the efficiency # , so …
Execution Stage
part of the Instruction Pipeline Consists of Functional Units (FU) Different FUs for …
Explicit Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC)
IA-64 ISA Compared to (VLIW) , no fixed FU expressed in the ISA . Explicit parallelism …
Extended Instruction Pipeline
Extended model of Instruction Pipelining . Additionally includes: ICache Instruction cache …
Fault Tolerance
Definition Fault: Defect of a system that may cause an error. Definition Error: Illegal …
Data Dependences
An instruction is data dependent on instruction if there is a path from to and Where: : …
Delay Slot
A way to prevent Control Hazards . The ISA can define that the instructin after a jump …
Cache Optimizations
Ways to speed up CPU Caches access times. where: average access time latency for …
Commit Stage
Part of the Extended Instruction Pipeline . Instructions are only allowes the change the …
Compiler optimizations to reduce cache misses
-> Reduce “reuse distance” the amount of memory accesses between accesses …
Compiler support for preventing stall cycles
See also: Register Allocation (in compilers) Assumption: instructions stall cycles FP-ALU …
Computer History
Computer system as mulitlevel machine # Level 5 Problem oriented language level …
CPU Caches
See Memory Hierarchy . Caches data from main memory. There are also special Instruction …
CPU Time
Wall-clock time / response time / elapsed time Latency of the execution how much time …
Crosscutting Aspects (Computer Architecture)
Performance # Speed # Metrics: Latency (time) throughput (#ops / time) Million Floating …
Branch Prediction
While a conditional jump instruction is making it’s way through the pipeline it is …
Bypass Network
A way to speculatively pass execution results to waiting instructions directly without …
Amdahl's Law
Limit for strong Scalability : with: : execution time on processors : percentage of the …
Advanced Computer Architecture (Lectures)
Lecture Topics Lecture 1+2 Computer History Lecture 3 Crosscutting Aspects Lecture 4 …
Verbindung
Chemische Bindung zwischen zwei oder mehr Elementen Sind chemisch wieder zerlegbar Gesetz …
Oktettregel
Ein Atom erreicht seinen stabilsten Zustand wenn seine äußerste Schale entweder komplett …
Stoff
Eingeteilt in: Physikalischer Zustand -> Aggregatszustand Zusammensetzung Element …
Molekül
Mehreren Atome die durch eine chemische Bindung miteinander verknüpft sind z.B. , oder
Elektronegativität
Abgekürzt mit Ein Maß wie gut ein ein Teilchen Elektronen anderer Teilchen klauen kann. …
Gemisch
Besteht aus mehreren Reinstoffen Kann wieder in die Reinstoffe getrennt werden Zwei Formen …
Chemische Bindung
Arten wie Atome aneinander gebunden werden können. Prinzipiell gibt es ionische Bindungen …
Chemie
Geschichte # bis 600 v. Chr Handwerksünste Erzeugung von Metallen z.B. Kupfer aus Malachit …
Atom
Besteht aus Protonen, Neutronen und Elektronen Jedes Atom verköpert ein Element …
[win32] Window handle (HWND)
A opaque handle to a window . Created by a call to either CreateWindow or CreateWindowEx.
[win32] WinMain
Depening on the unicode-ness of the compilation you can define either WinMain or wWinMain. …
[gl] loading OpenGL functions
source: https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Load_OpenGL_Functions Windows # …
[win32] Concept of a window
source: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/learnwin32/what-is-a-window- # In …
[win32] DeviceContext
A context one has to interact with when drawing to the screen It has to be aquired and …
[win32] Instance handle (HINSTANCE)
HINSTANCE = HMODULE. Handed to you as a parameter of the WinMain function. Alternatively …
[win32] Messages
source # Every window class has an associated message handling function (Window Proc) All …
[win32] Opening a window
Every window in Windows has to under go this procedure Define a WinMain entry point Define …
[Video] Designing and Evaluating Reusable Components (Casey Muratori)
source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQ5_u8Lgvyk Types of code reuse # Layer Like …
Org Mode Citations
Based on https://blog.tecosaur.com/tmio/2021-07-31-citations.html #
Fibonacci Sphere
from numpy import arange, pi, sin, cos, arccos n = 50 goldenRatio = (1 + 5**0.5)/2 i = …
Alternative to std::function
Based on Omar’s tweet https://twitter.com/ocornut/status/1709138967415640118 …
Linear vs sRGB
Figure 1: Taken from Figure 2: Taken from Traditional formulation # for in sRGB. for in …
Mip-NeRF: A multiscale representation for anti-aliasing neural radiance fields
@inproceedings{barron2021mip, title={Mip-nerf: A multiscale representation for …
Putting NeRF on a Diet: Semantically Consistent Few-Shot View Synthesis
@inproceedings{jain2021putting, title={Putting nerf on a diet: Semantically consistent …
RegNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis from Sparse Inputs
@inproceedings{niemeyer2022regnerf, title={Regnerf: Regularizing neural radiance fields …
Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functions
@article{sitzmann2020implicit, title={Implicit neural representations with periodic …
Differentiable Monte Carlo Ray Tracing through Edge Sampling
@article{li2018differentiable, title={Differentiable monte carlo ray tracing through edge …
Differentiable volumetric rendering: Learning implicit 3D representations without 3D supervision
@InProceedings{Niemeyer_2020_CVPR, author = {Niemeyer, Michael and Mescheder, Lars and …
FreeNeRF: Improving Few-shot Neural Rendering with Free Frequency Regularization
@article{yang2022freenerf, author = {Jiawei Yang and Marco Pavone and Yue Wang}, title = …
Local light field fusion: Practical view synthesis with prescriptive sampling guidelines
@article{mildenhall2019local, title={Local light field fusion: Practical view synthesis …
NeRF: Representing Scenes as Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis
@article{mildenhall2021nerf, title={Nerf: Representing scenes as neural radiance fields …
OpenDR: An Approximate Differentiable Renderer
@InProceedings{10.1007/978-3-319-10584-0_11, author="Loper, Matthew M. and Black, …
Stereo magnification: Learning view synthesis using multiplane images
@article{zhou2018stereo, title={Stereo magnification: Learning view synthesis using …
[tabs] some bossa nova chords
[tabs] Someone like you
Latex music tab notation
musixtex # 1 1 \begin{music} \instrumentnumber{1} \nobarnumbers \TAB1 \setlines1{6} …
Sql insert into mulitiple tables with new foreign key
Content provided by ChatGPT because I did not find this info online with my queries. BEGIN …
Sql setting variables
Content provided by ChatGPT because I did not find this info online with my queries. …
org spreadsheet
was wann wie viel Techniker 15.05 120.34 Eon 09.05 75.76 Vodafone 05.05 27.99 xPack 04.05 …
[jai] jai notes
Questions # Can dynamic arrays cast to arrays? # What can you do with Code objects? # …
Real Time Rendering (Book)
@book{akenine2019real, title={Real-time rendering}, author={Akenine-M{\"o}ller, Tomas …
Gradient Estimation for Real-Time Adaptive Temporal Filtering
@article{schied2018gradient, title={Gradient estimation for real-time adaptive temporal …
org latex table lines
EAW SVGF HRTAO OptiX PSNR 40.8676 41.7267 47.3276 44.1882 SSIM 0.9983 0.9985 0.9995 …
Efficient High-Quality Rendering of Ribbons and Twisted Lines
@inproceedings {HQRibbonRendering, booktitle = {Vision, Modeling, and Visualization}, …
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric
@inproceedings{zhang2018unreasonable, title={The unreasonable effectiveness of deep …
Common Computer Graphic Scenes
Sponza San Miguel Hairball can be found here: @online{McGuire2017Data, title = {Computer …
org babel python notebook
https://sqrtminusone.xyz/posts/2021-05-01-org-python/ Config # requires emacs package …
Screen Space Indirect Lighting with Visibility Bitmask
@article{therrien2022screen, title={Screen space indirect lighting with visibility …
Bra-Ket Notation
denotes a row vector denotes the conjugate transpose of The inner product of two (maybe …
Nvidia Falcor
@Misc{Kallweit22, author = {Simon Kallweit and Petrik Clarberg and Craig Kolb and …
start separate process from emacs without blocking
use (start-file-process-shell-command NAME BUFFER COMMAND), it is the same thing that …
Real-Time Ray-Traced Ambient Occlusion of Complex Scenes using Spatial Hashing
@inproceedings{gautron2020real, title={Real-time ray-traced ambient occlusion of complex …
Latex Image Comparisons
one line # As can be seen in 1 1 1 vertical flip # 1 1 horiz iterations # 1 1 References …
Similarity between Images
SSIM (structural similarity) Mean squared error PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) Nvidia …
vortex 10 programming
If bg lights don’t work: PN+ESC and then PN+6 to activate standard bg lights
OptiX Denoiser
https://research.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/publications/dnn_denoise_author.pdf …
Gaussian Blur
Using a Gaussian Distribution in an image kernel to blur an image. Some Images with …
Org mode side by side images
#+name: fig:gaussian_blur #+caption: The result of a gaussian blur on an image. Images …
Org mode tricks
Org Mode Citations Org mode side by side images
Bilateral Filter
http://www.super.tka4.org/materials/lib/Articles-Books/Filters/Bilateral/tomasi98bilateral …
Guided Image Filtering
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-15549-9_1.pdf …
Test 2
1 alöskdjal aslkdja 1 alskdjas
Nvidia Flip
% You need the following in your main .tex-file to get the flipped F in the title: …
Structural similiarity
@article{wang2004image, title={Image quality assessment: from error visibility to …
Screen Space Reflections
Aparently introduced for Crysis 2 …
SVGF for AO
Notes about how SVGF can be used for Ambient Occlusion . Regarding the original …
Finding next gen: Cryengine 2
@incollection{mittring2007finding, title={Finding next gen: Cryengine 2}, …
Hardware accelerated ambient occlusion techniques on GPUs
@inproceedings{shanmugam2007hardware, title={Hardware accelerated ambient occlusion …
Image-Space Horizon-Based Ambient Occlusion
http://www.cse.chalmers.se/edu/year/2015/course/TDA361/Advanced%20Computer%20Graphics/Imag …
Weighted A-Trous Linear Regression (WALR) for Real-Time Diffuse Indirect Lighting Denoising
@techreport{WALR2022, author = {Sylvain Meunier, Takahiro Harada}, title = {Weighted …
Nvidia RTX
Nvidia RTX 20xx series # “first in the industry to implement realtime hardware ray …
Distributed Ray Tracing
@inproceedings{cook1984distributed, title={Distributed ray tracing}, author={Cook, Robert …
Important papers for computer graphics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)#cite_note-s21-35 Ray Casting …
Monte Carlo Ray Tracing
Applying Monte Carlo integration to the Rendering Equation . Thus also called Stochastic …
Illumination for computer generated pictures
@article{phong1975illumination, title={Illumination for computer generated pictures}, …
Lambert's cosine law
Base for the rules of Area Foreshortening . Wikipedia: In optics, Lambert’s cosine …
Microfacets
Formalized in models of light reflection for computer synthesized pictures Simulate having …
Models of light reflection for computer synthesized pictures
@inproceedings{blinn1977models, title={Models of light reflection for computer synthesized …
An improved illumination model for shaded display
@inproceedings{whitted1979improved, title={An improved illumination model for shaded …
The Alchemy Screen-Space Ambient Obscurance Algorithm
@inproceedings{mcguire2011alchemy, title={The alchemy screen-space ambient obscurance …
An ambient light illumination model
@inproceedings{zhukov1998ambient, title={An ambient light illumination model}, …
Blockwise feature regression using L1 norm for realtime path tracing reconstruction
https://syncandshare.lrz.de/getlink/fiTwPAgyh5r7T9aujEQfDC/masterthesis_josef_stumpfegger. …
Practical real-time strategies for accurate indirect occlusion
Introduces “Ground truth based ambient occlusion” (“GTAO”) …
Bucket and Pool Allocators
Bucket Array / List (Typed) # Resizable array of fixed length buckets When appending to …
Open file over tramp ssh
C-x C-f /ssh:user@host:/path/to/file
Keep a process running after ssh exit
# 0. ssh into the machine # 1. start the program # 2. hit Ctrl-Z to return to the shell # …
Wavelet
Used for signal processing. From Wikipedia: A wavelet is a wave-like oscillation with an …
Edge-Avoiding À-Trous Wavelet Transform for fast Global Illumination Filtering
@inproceedings{dammertz2010edge, title={Edge-avoiding À-Trous wavelet transform for fast …
Spatiotemporal Variance-Guided Filtering: Real-Time Reconstruction for Path-Traced Global Illumination
@incollection{schied2017spatiotemporal, title={Spatiotemporal variance-guided filtering: …
Transaktions-Synchronisation (Datenabnken)
Zwei Arten von locks: shared (S) exlcusive (X) Shared locks können immer genommen werden, …
SQL with values
with studenten (name, note) as (values("Felix", 1), ("Woojin", 2), …
Mehrbenutzerbetieb (Datenbanken)
Mögliche Fehler bei unkontolliertem Mehrbenutzerbetieb # Lost update # The update of is …
Serialisierbarkeit (Datenbanken)
Definitionen # Operationen einer Transaktion lesen von schreiben von abort commit …
Sicherungspunkte (Datenbanken)
Qualitäten von Sicherungspunkten: Transaktionskonsistent Der Zustand des …
Write Ahead Log
Auch WAL. 2 Regeln: Bevor eine Transaktion committen darf, müssen alle zu ihr gehörenden …
Datenbank Log
Wichtig für Recovery . Logeinträge bestehen aus: Log Sequence Number (LSN) Transaktions ID …
Einbringungsstrategie (Datenbanken)
Wie die Seiten aus dem Hauptspeicher zurück auf die Platte geschrieben werden. Update in …
Force und Steal (Datenbanken)
Es geht um die Verwaltung der Pages der Datenbank die im Hauptspeicher geladen sind. Der …
Log Sequence Number
Auch LSN. Eine eindeutige Kennung eines Logeintrags (Datenbank Log ). LSN müssen monoton …
Recovery (Datenbanken)
Klassifikation # Fehler in einer noch nicht comitteten Transaktion # Der Effekt aller …
Transaktionsverwaltung
Transaktionen werden entweder ganz oder gar nicht ausgeführt (atomar). Wenn eine …
Einsatz und Realisierung von Datenbanksystemen (IN2031)
Lecture April 28. 2022 # Buch: Alfons Kemper: Datenbanksysteme – Eine Einführung …
~(으)려고 – Expressing intent
To form, ~(으)려고 is attached to a verb phrase (Action verb or descriptive verb ) in the 하 - …
-고 있다 present/past/future progressive
[ttmik: level 1 - lesson 13] Like the english “-ing” form. Construction: 하 - …
Tenses in Korean
ㄹ/을 거이다 future tense -고 있다
~을/를 Object marking particle
[ttmik: level 2 - lesson 2] The object marking particle is appended to nouns which take …
test
one layer # two layers # three layers # three layers # two layers # three layers # three …
Time in Korean
[ttmik: level 2 - lesson 8] When telling the time in Korean, the hour is specified with …
Negative sentences
[ttmik: level 1 - lesson 21] Two ways: Adding 안 infront of a verb. (simpler and more …
ㄹ/을 거이다 future tense
The most common way to create future tense sentences in Korean. It is formed by appending …
이다
To be a < noun >.
하다 Verbs
[ttmik: level 1 - lesson 22] Consist of noun + “하다”. Negation of 하다 Verbs # To …
-고 싶다
[ttmik: level 1 - lesson 13] “to want to do something” Is attached to the …
Numbers in Korean
[ttmik: level 1 - lesson 15] for Sino-Korean numbers [ttmik: level 1 - lesson 20] for …
Verb conjugations
Present tense (현재 시제) # Past tense (과거 시제) #
하 / 해 - form
하 - Form # The verbstem of a verb (removing the tailing “다”). Examples: …
받침
The consonant of the last syllable of a word is called 받침. It often has influence on the …
이/가 and 은/는
[ttmik: level 1 - lesson 9] 이/가 # 이/가 are subject marking particles. They have to be …